二氧化硅包覆芒硝基相变储能微胶囊制备及性能表征

将四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)和3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)作为硅源,芒硝基相变储能微胶囊作为芯材,通过乳液聚合的方法制备了二氧化硅包覆的芒硝基相变储能微胶囊.测得芒硝基相变储能微胶囊的熔化焓和凝固焓分别为136.4 J/g和76.9 J/g,融化和凝固温度分别为23.6℃和17.6℃.微胶囊的核-壳结构减轻了无机水合盐固液分离程度,抑制了相分层现象的发生.在100次循环后,熔化焓为64.3 J/g,具有较好的循环稳定性,可用于热能存储等领域.     

直接碳燃料电池燃料的研究进展

直接碳燃料电池(DCFC)是一种清洁高效利用碳资源发电的装置。其因能量转换率高,对环境污染小,燃料选择范围广等优点获得了越来越多的关注。DCFC的性能与使用的燃料密切相关,为了探究燃料对DCFC的影响,本文分别阐述了石墨、炭黑、中密度纤维板、生物质、煤、活性炭的特性及改性方法,分析讨论了燃料表面含氧官能团以及燃料中的金属催化剂对阳极电化学反应的促进作用,发现燃料表面化学性质要比比表面积更加重要。同时,本文也提出了对生物质这一优良的可再生资源的期待,为未来DCFC燃料的发展提供参考。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定爬地虎中6种微量元素

用湿法和干法分别对爬地虎进行处理,采用火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)法,利用标准曲线测定爬地虎中几种微量元素的浓度。在优化的仪器工作条件下,对爬地虎果中6种微量元素可进行分别测定,互不干扰,结果的相对标准偏差在0.70%~4.0%,加标回收率在90.0%~108%,方法简便、快速、准确。     

Hexagram-like CoS-MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> composites with enhanced activity for hydrogen evolution reaction

Hexagram-like CoS-MoS₂ composites were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glasses via cyclic voltammetry electrodeposition using Co(NO₃)₂ and (NH₄)₂MoS₂ as precursors and tested for application in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The structure of CoS-MoS₂ composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). Electrochemical characterizations indicate that CoS-MoS₂ composites exhibit more excellent catalytic activity and stability than MoS₂. Compared with pure MoS₂, the hexagram-like CoS-MoS₂ composites with increased specific surface area improved the density of exposed active sites, and the Co binding S edges in CoS-MoS₂ composites promote the number of highly catalytic edge sites and decreased the binding energy △G _H. Moreover, the effects of different substrates on the CoS-MoS₂ composites were also investigated. Our further understanding of this highly active hydrogen evolution catalyst can facilitate the development of economical electrochemical hydrogen production systems.     

A Sustainable Redox-Flow Battery with an Aluminum-Based,Deep-Eutectic-Solvent Anolyte

Nonaqueous redox-flow batteries are an emerging energy storage technology for grid storage systems, but the development of anolytes has lagged far behind that of catholytes due to the major limitations of the redox species, which exhibit relatively low solubility and inadequate redox potentials. Herein, an aluminum-based deep-eutectic-solvent is investigated as an anolyte for redox-flow batteries. The aluminum-based deep-eutectic solvent demonstrated a significantly enhanced concentration of circa 3.2 m in the anolyte and a relatively low redox potential of 2.2 V vs. Li⁺/Li. The electrochemical measurements highlight that a reversible volumetric capacity of 145 Ah L⁻¹ and an energy density of 189 Wh L⁻¹ or 165 Wh kg⁻¹ have been achieved when coupled with a I₃⁻/I⁻ catholyte. The prototype cell has also been extended to the use of a Br₂-based catholyte, exhibiting a higher cell voltage with a theoretical energy density of over 200 Wh L⁻¹. The synergy of highly abundant, dendrite-free, multi-electron-reaction aluminum anodes and environmentally benign deep-eutectic-solvent anolytes reveals great potential towards cost-effective, sustainable redox-flow batteries.     

基于S-R和分解定理的几何非线性问题的数值计算分析

为了探究几何非线性问题的数值求解方法,采用理论推导、MATLAB编程计算、有限元模拟相结合的方法,基于S-R和分解定理及更新拖带坐标描述法,运用插值型无单元Galerkin方法对几何非线性问题的增量变分方程进行了推导,并通过四点Gauss积分法和不动点迭代法对其进行求解.最后以平面悬臂梁的大变形问题为例进行求解计算,发现与ANSYS的计算结果拟合相似度很高,说明了所采用的几何非线性力学理论及数值计算方法的正确性和合理性,为求解几何非线性问题提供了一种新的依据.     

微信用户数发展趋势的理论分析与因素探讨

给出Logistic,Gompertz,Usher和Von Bertalanffy 4种增长曲线的拐点、最大加速点和最大减速点的表达式.利用R语言编写程序,结合拟牛顿算法与随机优化算法,对微信月活跃用户数(WMAUs)的发展趋势进行分析与拟合.结果表明,4条曲线的拟合值在最大加速点到最大减速点时间段内基本吻合,但在初期和后期有所差别.Logistic曲线在初期的预测值偏大,而后期偏小,偏差相对较大;Von Bertalanffy曲线的偏差最小,且在饱和值、拐点、最大加速点、最大减速点及拟合优度的估计值方面都优于另外3种曲线;Usher和Gompertz曲线居于Logistic与Von Bertalanffy曲线之间,对后期的预测值有些保守.最后,基于价值理念的观点分析了影响WMAUs变动的主要因素.     

离散数学的翻转课堂教学法研究

离散数学是计算机专业的重要的基础课程.但是离散数学课程抽象难懂、教学模式单一、理论实际结合能力差,从而影响了这一课程的教学效果.为了提升离散数学的教学效果,面向学生翻转课堂的教学模式被引入.翻转课堂通过视频、示例或者项目、以及拓展等方式充分发挥学生为中心,教师辅助的教学理念,提升学生学习的主动性,提升离散数学的教学效果,为后续计算机专业课程奠定良好的基础.     

张量鲁棒主成分分析的增广拉格朗日交替方向方法

张量的鲁棒主成分分析是将未知的一个低秩张量与一个稀疏张量从已知的它们的和中分离出来.因为在计算机视觉与模式识别中有着广阔的应用前景,该问题在近期成为学者们的研究热点.本文提出了一种针对张量鲁棒主成分分析的新的模型,并给出交替方向极小化的求解算法,在求解过程中给出了两种秩的调整策略.针对低秩分量本文对其全部各阶展开矩阵进行低秩矩阵分解,针对稀疏分量采用软阈值收缩的策略.无论目标低秩张量为精确低秩或近似低秩,本文所提方法均可适用.本文对算法给出了一定程度上的收敛性分析,即算法迭代过程中产生的任意收敛点均满足KKT条件.如果目标低秩张量为精确低秩,当迭代终止时可对输出结果进行基于高阶奇异值分解的修正.针对人工数据和真实视频数据的数值实验表明,与同类型算法相比,本文所提方法可以得到更好的结果.